SAR and sensors observe water. Credits require tonnes of CH₄ avoided. The flux model bridges them using season-length flooding fractions, soil and management covariates, and chamber or literature calibration factors consistent with Gold Standard rice methane methodology requirements.
Tier 3 models and DNDC
Some peers integrate process models such as DNDC (Tier 3). Process models can be powerful on well-parameterised landscapes and brittle where smallholder heterogeneity dominates. Our framing leads with observable flooding regime plus explicit uncertainty propagation—because the registry purchases the confidence interval, not a single central estimate. See how that positioning differs in the rice MRV providers comparison.